S.6 Explosion of the gaseous sky of a fixed roof tank
Occurrence condition
The main events likely to cause an increase in internal pressure are:
heating of the gas phase of the tank following an external fire,
accidental pressurization following overfilling, malfunction of the pressure control device,
an explosion inside the vessel following the ignition of a flammable mixture,
a rapid increase in internal pressure due to a runaway reaction, or a mixture of incompatible products
The consequences of a capacity bursting are:
on the one hand the emission of a pressure wave, which results from the sudden expansion of the fluid contained in the capacity at the time of rupture and,
on the other hand the projection of the envelope fragments.
Other phenomena can be generated by the bursting of a capacity such as, for example, the formation of a ball of fire, or a secondary explosion, due to the expulsion of a flammable mixture during the explosion. bursting, or the atmospheric dispersion of toxic substances contained in the container.
S.6 Explosion of the gaseous sky of a fixed roof tank
Occurrence condition
The main events likely to cause an increase in internal pressure are:
heating of the gas phase of the tank following an external fire,
accidental pressurization following overfilling, malfunction of the pressure control device,
an explosion inside the vessel following the ignition of a flammable mixture,
a rapid increase in internal pressure due to a runaway reaction, or a mixture of incompatible products
The consequences of a capacity bursting are:
on the one hand the emission of a pressure wave, which results from the sudden expansion of the fluid contained in the capacity at the time of rupture and,
on the other hand the projection of the envelope fragments.
Other phenomena can be generated by the bursting of a capacity such as, for example, the formation of a ball of fire, or a secondary explosion, due to the expulsion of a flammable mixture during the explosion. bursting, or the atmospheric dispersion of toxic substances contained in the container.
FRONSEC
Strengthening cross-border capacity
for control and detection of CBRN substances
(Chemical - Biological - Radiological - Nuclear)
in North Africa - Sahel - Mauritania
ALGERIA
Air borders
The international airport of Algiers - Houari Boumediene, created in 1924 is 16 km east of Algiers. It was ranked best African airport in 2011. Its current capacity is approximately 12 million passengers per year for an actual flow of more or less 4.5 million.
maritime borders
Algeria's eight main commercial ports where, with the exception of hydrocarbons, traffic is more commercial than industrial: Ghazaouet, Oran, Arzew, Mostaganem, Algiers, Béjaïa, Skikda, Annaba. Apart from fishing ports and landing stages with a very limited scope of action, Algeria also has five ports of secondary importance sharing their activity between trade and fishing (Beni-Saf, Djidjelli, Collo, Herbillon and La Calle ). Algeria's maritime traffic is a reflection of foreign trade where manufactured products and raw materials are imported, soil and subsoil products exported. Wines and citrus fruits in Mostaganem, phosphates and iron ore in Annaba, constitute the main part of the activity apart from hydrocarbons.
land borders
Algeria shares land borders with its 7 neighboring countries for a total of 6,511 km. Given the very large distances involved, control of the land border is particularly difficult.
Algeria joined the EU Centers of Excellence in July 2012 and hosts the regional secretariat.
MOROCCO
Air borders
Casablanca's Mohammed-V airport is located about thirty kilometers south of Casablanca. With a capacity of nearly fourteen million passengers and 150,000 tonnes of freight per year, it is Morocco's main airport and the fourth largest in Africa. Served by fifty regular companies and connected to nearly one hundred destinations, the airport recorded 9,357,427 passengers in 2017. Morocco's second international airport is Marrakech-Menara with around 5 million annual passengers. Rabat airport ranks sixth in terms of traffic but saw its attendance increase by 11% in 2019 with more than one million passengers.
maritime borders
Morocco's coastline has dozens of ports spread over the 9 coastal regions. Morocco benefits from an advantageous geographical location: a coastline of 3,500 km stretching from the Mediterranean Sea to the Atlantic Ocean, a strategic position on the Strait of Gibraltar and excellent port connectivity. Ports play an essential role in the national economy since 98% of international trade passes through it.
Morocco's two leading ports, located in Casablanca and Jorf Lasfar, represent respectively 35% and 26% of national port traffic, i.e. more than half of total transit.
land borders
The need for increased vigilance to guarantee the reliability of the supply chain, the need for permanent surveillance to ensure border security and the obligation to thwart cross-border criminal maneuvers such as illegal immigration, narcotics, arms trafficking , NRBC substances, money laundering, strives to be compatible with the commitment to ensure the fluidity and facilitation of the passage of goods and passengers claimed by Moroccan customs
Morocco joined the Centers of Excellence in 2009. It is part of the North Africa and Sahel Region and hosts the Regional Secretariat of the African Atlantic Coast (FAA)
TUNISIA
Air borders
Tunis-Carthage International Airport is located eight kilometers northeast of Tunis, it has been in operation since 1940. The airport is named after the historic city of Carthage which is located east of the airport. . Passenger terminal capacity: 5,000,000 pax/year.
maritime borders
The Tunisian port landscape has seven infrastructures facing the sea. In the North, on the Mediterranean coast, that of Bizerte is dominated by hydrocarbons, for a traffic of 4.86 Mt in 2017. In the Tunis region, Radès has for dual purpose container and trailer (in 2017 6.84 Mt). The port of La Goulette is the Tunisian specialist in the traffic of car ferries and ocean liners and also ships transporting cars, trailers and rolling stock. (2017 traffic of 631,000 tonnes). On the eastern coast of the country, the ports of Sousse, Sfax, Skhira ensure the management of various goods and Hydrocarbons (10 Mt in total)
land borders
They extend over 1,469 kilometers and represent great difficulties in ensuring control.
Tunisia joined the centers of excellence in 2009. It is part of the North Africa and Sahel region.
MAURITANIA
Air borders
Nouakchott International Airport "Oumtounsy" is the largest airport in Mauritania. Entered into service on June 23, 2016, it benefits from the latest technological advances and its infrastructure offers guarantees of modern safety and comfort. The terminal covers 30,000 m² and can accommodate 2 million passengers per year.
maritime borders
Two main ports exist in Mauritania: The Port of Nouakchott known as the "port of friendship" and the port of Nouhadibou in northern Mauritania. The Port of Nouakchott has a privileged geographical position. At the crossroads between Africa, Europe and America, it is one of the first commercial public ports south of the Sahara for ships departing from Europe. 95% of the traffic at the Port de l'Amitié consists of landed products. The potential global traffic capacity is 1 million tons. It is thanks to the port of Point Central in Nouadhibou that the iron ore from the Zouerate mine is transported by one of the largest trains in the world. Nouadhibou is also home to a very important fishing activity, attracting people from the south of the country.
Land borders
The land borders extend over 5,074 kilometers and present great difficulties in ensuring their control.
Mauritania has joined the Centers of Excellence and is part of the North Africa and Sahel Region of the African Atlantic coast (FAA)
MALI
Air borders
Bamako International Airport, named Mobibo Keïta Airport in January 2016, is the largest airport in Mali, it is located about 15 km south of downtown Bamako, within the boundaries of the District of Bamako. It was opened to traffic in 1974. It is managed by Aéroports du Mali (ADM) and plans to receive around 1,000,000 passengers. No maritime borders as the country is landlocked
land borders
Mali shares 7,420 km of borders with seven neighboring countries, which represents great difficulties in ensuring control.
Mali joined the Centers of Excellence in March 2016. It is part of the North Africa and Sahel region
BURKINA FASO
Air borders
Ouagadougou Airport is the largest airport in Burkina Faso. The international airport has benefited from significant investments since 2008 for a complete redevelopment of its infrastructures which extend to the south-east of downtown Ouagadougou over an area of 426 hectares less than 5 minutes from the city center; No maritime borders as the country is landlocked
Land borders
Burkina Faso shares 3,193 kilometers of borders with six neighboring countries, which represents great difficulties in ensuring control.
Burkina Faso joined the Centers of Excellence in May 2015. It is part of the North Africa and Sahel region.
NIGER
Air borders
Niamey International Airport is Niger's largest airport. It was renamed Diori Hamani International Airport after the father of the Independence of Niger and first President of the Republic It is an airport with a regular growth of its traffic. In 2013, nearly 165,000 passengers and more than 2,000 tonnes of freight passed through it. Intercontinental, sub-regional and national flights operated by several major international companies provide connections to many countries in Niger. No maritime borders as the country is landlocked
Land borders
NIGER shares 5,697 kilometers of borders with three neighboring countries (Mali 821 km, Nigeria 1497 km, Chad 1175 km) which represents great difficulties in ensuring control.
Niger joined the Centers of Excellence on May 14, 2014. It is part of the North Africa and Sahel region.